Asked Question: "What is a water filter made for?"
This question could be asked in two (or more) ways: 1. Why do I need a water filter?
2. What does a water filter actually do?
In this post, we will examine these two questions.
1. Why do I need a water filter?
Simple answer - you want clean water.
Not-so-simple answer - the water in front of you may look purified, but it may not be. Residential water in the United States is mostly ok, with very rare exceptions. If you are looking at building your own house with a well, you would need to follow building code, and you would want to put in your own filtration/purification, but that is not the focus of this post.
In this post, we're talking more along the lines of: if you are out on a camping trip and wanted to drink water from a stream, lake, or *ahem* watering hole - or in emergencies such as if the city's water supply broke or was turned off, you ran out of your family water storage, and you needed to go find water from...a stream, lake, etc.
Wikipedia (the fountain of ALL wisdom, right?) has a good article about portable water purification that is really informative and actually has sources so you can double-check the information.
It says in this article, "large rivers may be polluted with sewage effluent, surface runoff, or industrial pollutants from sources far upstream. However, even small streams, springs and wells may be contaminated by animal waste and pathogens. The presence of dead animals upstream is not uncommon. In most parts of the world, water may be contaminated by bacteria, protozoa or parasitic worms from human and animal waste or pathogens which use other organisms as an intermediate host. Pathogenic strains of E coli bacteria survive briefly outside the body, to infect new hosts."
The article also mentions other pathogens and viruses that can be found in water that you would like to avoid. It's important to remove these pollutants, pathogens, and viruses from water that you want to drink. Otherwise, you can get sick very quickly - including diarrhea, vomiting, or even life-threatening cysts in the brain and liver.
Now that you want a filter...
2. What does a water filter actually do?
Again, in the article about portable water purification, it mentions several techniques for filtering/purifying water, and what these techniques actually do. Here is a list of the techniques, with a quick synopsis. For the full text, along with the proper procedures, please refer to the article.
Boiling
Boiling water will kill bacteria as well as other disease-causing microorganisms like Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum which are commonly found in rivers and lakes.
Filtration
Portable pump filters are commercially available with ceramic filters that filter 5,000 to 50,000 litres per cartridge, removing pathogens down to the 0.2–0.3 micrometer (µm) range. Some also utilize activated charcoal filtering. Most filters of this kind remove most bacteria and protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia, but not viruses except for the very largest of 0.3 micrometer and larger diameters, so disinfection by chemicals or ultraviolet light is still required after filtration.
Activated charcoal absorption
Charcoal is most commonly implemented for pre- or post-filtering, in a separate step than ceramic filtering, in either case being implemented prior to the addition of chemical disinfectants used to control bacteria or viruses that filters cannot remove. Activated charcoal can remove chlorine from treated water, removing any residual protection remaining in the water protecting against pathogens, and should not, in general, be used without careful thought after chemical disinfection treatments in portable water purification processing.
Chemical disinfection
Iodine used for water purification is commonly added to water as a solution, in crystallized form, or in tablets containing tetraglycine hydroperiodide that release 8 mg of iodine per tablet adaptation to chronic tetraglycine hydroperiodide. The iodine kills many, but not all, of the most common pathogens present in natural fresh water sources.
Ultraviolet purification
Ultraviolet (UV) light induces the formation of covalent linkages on DNA and thereby prevents microbes from reproducing. Without reproduction, the microbes become far less dangerous. A concern with UV portable water purification is that some pathogens are hundreds of times less sensitive to UV light than others.
Solar water disinfection
In solar water disinfection (SODIS), microbes are destroyed by temperature and UVA radiation provided by the sun. Water is placed in a transparent plastic PET bottle, which is first oxygenated by shaking partially filled capped bottles prior to filling the bottles all the way. The completely water-filled and capped bottles are exposed to sunlight, preferably on a corrugated metal roof, slanted slightly to maximize the exposure to solar radiation.
Solar distillation
Solar distillation may use a pre-manufactured and easily portable still, commonly referred to as a solar still, but it has its roots in a makeshift still that can be constructed simply from readily available components, typically being placed over a small pit that is dug into the ground. The solar still relies on sunlight to warm and evaporate the water to be purified. The water vapour condenses, usually on a plastic sheet suspended as an inverted cone, dripping into a collection cup placed beneath its center. For more continuous use, thin tubing or a hose is sometimes routed into the collection cup beneath the inverted cone, permitting repeated removal of water without disturbing the inverted cone upon which water condenses. In an extreme survival situation, a solar still can be used to prepare safe drinking water from usually unsuitable water sources, such as one's own urine, or even sea water.
Homemade water filters
Water filters can be made on-site using local materials such as grass, charcoal (e.g. from firewood burned in a special way). These filters are often used by soldiers and outdoor enthusiasts. Due to their low cost they can be made and used by anyone. The reliability of such systems is highly variable. Such filters can do little, if anything, to mitigate germs and other harmful constituents and can give a false sense of security that the water so produced is potable. Water processed through an improvised filters should be undergo secondary processing such as boiling to render it safe for consumption.
Summary
Now that you know why you would want a filter, and some ways to filter, make sure that you have a plan for filtering water if you run out of your water storage or get lost while camping, or any other emergency. Water is paramount to survival. You can only go for a few days before you will die from dehydration. Even just getting diarrhea will compound the problem because it dehydrates you even quicker, so it's important to have clean, filtered, purified water.
Have you ever wondered what to make with your food storage and tried to find creative ways to get rotate your food. here are a few recipes you can try. That we have personally ate and can testify that they taste GOOD! These recipes came from the Maryann Wilcox who taught quite a few things at the preparedness fair we had yesterday. If you want to look at her information go to http://www.maryannscupboards.com/
Pinto Bean Fudge
Yield:
2 lbs of Fudge
Ingredients:
1 c mashed pinto
beans (about 1
10oz can)
¾ c melted butter
1 T vanilla
1 c cocoa
8 c pdr. sugar
Instructions:
1. Melt butter and mix in cocoa.
2. Mix beans, vanilla and butter-cocoa mixture with mixer.
Mixture will be stiff.
3. Add powdered sugar one cup at a time, mixing thoroughly
between cups. Powdered sugar amount may be varied
according to consistency desired. The less sugar the denser
the fudge.
4. Press into 9x13 pan & refrigerate until used.
Hearty 14 Bean Soup
Yield:
2 Quarts
Ingredients
1 c Dry Bean Mix
1 Qt Water
1 Ham hock OR
1 T Ham Base
1 Can Diced
Italian Tomatoes
8—1cup servings
Directions:
1. Add beans, water, and ham seasoning option to a 2 or 3 quart
Crockpot.
2. Cook on low for 4-5 hours, or until beans are soft.
3. Add canned tomatoes and cook another 30 minutes.
4. Serve hot.
Other Tasty Additions:
1½ t lemon juice crystals or 1 T lemon juice
½ c dried or chopped fresh onions
½ t chili powder
1
/16 t garlic powder
Salt and pepper to taste
Sprout Granola Bars
Ingredients
¾ c shortening or
coconut oil
1 c brown sugar
½ c sugar
1 egg
¼ c water
1 t vanilla
1 c whole wheat flour
¼ c flaxseeds
1 t salt
½ t baking soda
3 c oats
1 c coconut
1 c chopped nuts
1 c chocolate chips
1 c finely chopped
alfalfa sprouts
Directions:
1. Blend shortening/coconut oil, sugars, egg, water and vanilla
in mixing bowl and beat thoroughly.
2. In another bowl, sift together flour, salt and soda.
3. Add to shortening mixture, mixing well.
4. Blend in oats, flaxseeds, and alfalfa sprouts.
5. Add nuts and chocolate chips and mix.
6. Bake at 350 degrees for 20-25 minutes or until golden brown
in a 9x13 or jelly roll pan. Cool & cut.
Tasty Additions:
• Add butterscotch chips instead of chocolate.
• Substitute ½ c peanut butter for ½ c oil or shortening.
• Omit the chocolate chips and replace with 1 c raisins or
crasins and 1 t of cinnamon.
In the March 2013 Ensign of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, there was an article about Self-Reliance. There are some good points brought up in there that we would like to review today. The article can be found at http://www.lds.org/ensign/2013/03/living-the-principles-of-self-reliance.
Self-Reliance is Spiritual and Temporal
The first point is that Self-Reliance is both a Spiritual and a Temporal Principle. This is important, because often we focus on getting food storage, 72-hour kits, and first aid. Sometimes the spiritual aspect can go neglected. It is just as vital to be prepared for spiritual emergencies as it is to be prepared for physical emergencies.
We really liked the quote from President Boyd K. Packer in the article, “If we lose our emotional and spiritual independence, our self-reliance, we can be weakened quite as much, perhaps even more, than when we become dependent materially.”
We should be building up our reserves by daily going to the scriptures and to our Heavenly Father in prayer. Being prepared spiritually will help during temporal emergencies.
Self-Reliance is NOT Independence
The next point is that Self-Reliance should not be mistaken for complete independence. This is important because we may get into the mindset that we will be prepared once we are completely independent. However, we cannot ever be completely independent. We rely upon the Lord for our breath and our very presence here on this Earth, so there is no way that we can ever be completely independent. What we can do is become as independent as possible, and then use that independence to help others that may be struggling in that area. Do not seek to become completely independent, but as independent as possible.
This was a great article, and we recommend that you read it entirely. Did you learn something different? Post your comments below so we can all learn!
Be Self-Reliant! Or...be as Self-Reliant as possible.
We have received some interest in people wanting to know the best ways to get certified to operate HAM radios. We have found a few good study tools that we are currently using and also have found out when and where (in the Nampa area) testing is available. We will share them with you so you can take advantage of them. We recommend that you set specific goals. For example we are setting the month when we want to go in and take our tests by, so we have to be studied up by that point. Tests are available once a month.
There are 3 levels of HAM Radio Licenses:
Technician Class: This license is granted after passing a 35-question test on basic regulations, operating practices, and electronic theory, with a focus on VHF and UHF applications. No Morse code is required. With a Technician Class license, you will have all ham radio privileges above 30 megahertz (MHz) including the 2-meter band. Technicians may operate FM voice, digital packet (computers), television, single-sideband voice and several other modes. Technicians may also operate on the 80, 40, and 15 meter HF bands using CW, and on the 10 meter band using CW, voice, and digital modes.
General Class: Technicians upgrade to General Class by passing a 35-question examination on regulations, operating practices, and electronics theory. No Morse code is required. In addition to Technician Class, General Class operators may use high power transmitters and have access to the 160, 30, 17, 12, and 10 meter bands and access to major parts of the 80, 40, 20, and 15 meter bands.
Extra Class: An upgrade to Extra Class is accomplished by passing a 50-question examination on regulations, specialized operating practices, advanced electronics theory, and radio equipment design. No Morse code is required. While this may seem a challenge it results in the privilege of operating on all authorized Amateur Radio frequencies.
For additional detail on Amateur Radio licensing in the U.S. check out the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) web site and search for Licensing.
When you receive your license you will also be granted a call sign by which you identify your station on the air. The section Call Signs explains call signs and their make-up.
If you do not have a license, you can still use certain common bandwidths of HAM Radio, but it's not very much.
Practicing for Getting the Licenses
The test will take the questions out of a pool of 350 questions. The test itself isn't that long though (above we stated that the exam for the technician license is only 35 questions). We have heard the best way to get ready for the test is to take the practice tests and correct yourself as you go along.
Adam and I are currently in a committee that is putting together a preparedness and self reliance fair. The fair will be held:
APRIL 27th from 10am-2pm
at
3904 E Greenhurst Rd, Nampa, ID
We are very excited for the fair and hope that many in the Nampa area will be able to attend. It is hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and all are welcome to come and enjoy the resources that will be available.
Currently this is the information that we know.
Red Cross will be there doing a blood drive
Child Finger Printing
Information about the following topics will also be available:
First Aid
72 hour Kits
Gardening
Emergency Communication (HAM radio)
Sanitation
Alternate Power
Food Storage
Disaster Planning
Financial Preparedness
Dry Pack Canning
and more.
Please come and enjoy the opportunity to love a more provident life.
So this week we are going to be helping you guys learn how to do minor first aid for emergency situations.
Please let us know what you would like to learn about. We would be more than happy to teach you whatever you would like to learn. Some examples are: how to treat a bee sting, how to treat a bug bite, signs for a stroke, signs for a heart attack, etc.
All of the video's are from British Red Cross If the situation is more than you can handle you should always call 911.
This first video is about how to treat an open wound
This Second Video is about how to do Baby CPR (good for you older kids to know, and girls who want to babysit on a regular basis.)
